Pay for Performance
Directives to trim waiting lists using pay-for-performance targets have created a host of unintended consequences for the British National Health Service (NHS).
Targets create incentives to manipulate patient records and official statistics, corrupting data used to measure system performance. Spot checks of NHS hospitals show that they extensively manipulated the data that were supposed to be used to compile waiting lists. Techniques included deliberately booking operations on days patients were known to be on vacation (thus creating an excuse to suspend them from waiting lists in their absence [link], excluding patients from lists if they had waited "too long" and arbitrarily reclassifying patients so that they were shifted to lists that were not monitored [link].