How Big is the Federal Government?

The ten largest tax expenditures in terms of 2012–16 budgetary costs (revenue losses plus outlays for refundable credits) identified by OMB (2011) will cost $4 trillion between 2012 and 2016—about 65 percent of the cost of all tax expenditures over that period (table 1). We classify six of them as spending substitutes: the exclusion of employer contributions for medical insurance and medical care, deductibility of mortgage interest on owner-occupied homes, exclusion of net imputed rental income on owner-occupied homes, deductibility of nonbusiness state and local taxes other than on owner-occupied homes, the earned income tax credit, and deductibility of charitable contributions other than education and health….

When we add in about $230 billion in user charges, finally, effective federal spending rises to 25.4 percent of GDP. By this metric, federal spending was more than one-quarter of economic activity in 2007, almost 30 percent more than officially reported.

From a Tax Policy Center paper by Donald Marron and Eric Toder.  HT: Ezra Klein.

5 thoughts on “How Big is the Federal Government?”

  1. In my mind, a tax cut is not the same as a spending program.

    If you count tax expenditures and spending as the same thing, then why not assume the government controls the entire economy, and it “costs” 75% of the economy for the government to maintain its citizens with income?

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